Ink supply system

ABSTRACT

An ink supply connection to both an interchangeable print head and the ink supply container of an ink jet printer system of the asynchronous, volume displacement droplet ejection type, the ink supply including means for automatically closing off the ink supply line to prevent either the loss of ink or the introduction of air into the container, supply and print head when either the print head or the container is removed from the system. The print head includes an ink supply pressure sensor for sensing the changes in pressure in the system and a valve operated by the sensor to supply ink to the system upon reduction of the pressure below a predetermined level.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a division of co-pending application Ser. No. 807,219 filed June 16, 1977 for an Ink Supply System, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,183,031 issued Jan. 8, 1980, which in turn is a division of application Ser. No. 694,064 filed June 7, 1976 for Ink Supply System and Print Head, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,074,284 issued Feb. 14, 1978. This application is also a division of co-pending application Ser. No. 489,985, filed July 19, 1974, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,189,734 issued Feb. 19, 1980.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to an ink jet printer of the asynchronous, volume displacement droplet type, and more particularly to the ink supply for such an ink jet printer.

Volume displacement ink printers have special ink supply requirements separate from and in addition to the requirements of "constant flow" ink jets. Since the only resupply mechanism for replacing expelled ink is capillary action, the ink supply pressure must be within the range of capillary pressure that can be generated by the print head nozzles. The preferred supply pressure is very slightly negative, perhaps the equivalent of 1 to 2 centimeters of water. This type of ink supply arrangement is discussed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,708,798; 3,747,120; 3,832,579 and 3,852,773.

Another important criteria for such ink jet printers arises from the low pressure requirement discussed above. Since the ink reservoir is typically connected directly to the print head to provide the low hydrostatic supply pressure, the system is vulnerable to pressure surges generated by the motion of the print head or the supply line due to inertial forces. Also, the usual arrangement of a volume displacement ink jet printer is to have a plurality of droplet ejection devices connected to the same ink supply. It thus becomes necessary to isolate the individual ejection devices from each other so that they can be independently actuated. This is done in some prior art devices by use of a pulse trap chamber which is partially filled with air to absorb pressure surges in the supply line and to isolate the individual rejection devices in the print head. See for example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,708,798. In one prior art device a passively activated valve is used to minimize the pressure surge effect by having the pressure surges themselves providing the actuating force for the valve. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,852,773. In still another prior art device, a pressure absorption mechanism is used for a single ink jet ejector so that self-generated resonances are minimized and the useful range of the device is extended to higher droplet ejection rates, see for example U.S. Pat. No. 3,832,579.

Substantially all ink jet printing systems function best when there is no air or gas in the ink supply system or in the print head. This requirement is particularly severe for volume displacement printers since air bubbles will counteract the incompressible properties of the fluid and prevent the volume displacement mechanism from working properly. In some systems, chambers are provided for accumulating air bubbles before they reach the print head. See for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,708,798 and 3,805,276. In one system, the air and gas are removed from the ink supply before it is used. See U.S. Pat. No. 3,346,869.

Another problem with many prior ink jet printer systems is that they are tuned uniquely for each print head. This makes ready replacement of defective print heads difficult and expensive. Not only must the system be returned for the replacement ink jet print head, but the ink supply line must be flushed clear of any accumulated air which enters the system during the replacement process.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In the preferred embodiment, in order to meter the flow of ink to the print head, a pressure sensor and a valve are integrally incorporated into the print head. The pressure sensor detects changes in the fluid pressure in the pulse trap chamber and operates the valve to allow ink to flow to the pulse trap chamber upon the reduction of pressure below a predetermined level which is less than the maximum capillary pressure capable of being generated at the print head nozzles. This valve allows the maintenance of a substantially constant fluid pressure in the pulse trap chamber of the print head which feeds ink to the individual droplet ejection chambers of the print head. The ink source itself is at a higher pressure and includes, in a specific example thereof, a collapsible elastic balloon that supplies its own pressure through elastic action, without requiring external pumps or springs. Each component of the ink supply system, that is the high pressure source, the connecting lines, and the print head, is of a modular design and is easily disconnected from the other components. The connecting apparatus are such that no air enters the system on either connecting or disconnecting the system components and no ink is allowed to escape to the outside.

The pressure sensor and valve control system automatically compensate for the variations in the pressure of the high pressure source as the elastic force becomes less with removal of significant volumes of ink.

It is a principal object of the invention to provide an ink jet printer in which a substantially constant fluid pressure is maintained in the pulse trap chamber of the print head.

The foregoing and other objectives, features and advantages of the invention will be more readily understood upon consideration of the following detailed description of certain preferred embodiments of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A is a vertical view, partly in section, of the ink supply system as assembled according to one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 1B is a vertical view, partly in section, of the ink supply system depicted in FIG. 1A when disassembled;

FIG. 2 is a side view of the print head according to one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken generally along the lines 3--3 of FIG. 2 and showing the valve and ink inlet detail;

FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken generally along the lines 4--4 of FIG. 2 and showing the details of the pressure sensor beam;

FIG. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram for the control of the operation of the valve and for generating the "out of ink" control signal and;

FIG. 6 is a diagram simultaneously illustrating both the pressure-valve pulse length relationship for the ink supply.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF CERTAIN PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Referring now more particularly to FIGS. 1A and 1B, the ink supply cartridge for the print head system of the invention is depicted. The ink supply comprises an ink cartridge receptacle 10 and a disposable cartridge 12 containing ink. Since the ink cartridge will be replaced frequently, perhaps 300 times over the life of the printing system, the receptacle 10 must be constructed to prevent ink leakage or air bubble infiltration and further to provide filtering for the ink. The basic construction of the receptacle 10 includes an outer, open ended cylindrical socket 14 for receiving the ink cartridge 12. At the closed ended neck 15 of the socket 14 is a cylindrical plug 16 in the center of which is mounted the blunt end of a hypodermic needle 18 which is aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis of the receptacle 14 and extending into the socket 14. The hollow needle 18 is open at the blunt end into a hollow space 20 below the plug 16 which is divided in half by a filter 22. A portion of the space 20 on the other side of the filter 22 from the needle 18 is in fluid communication with an outlet pipe 24.

The neck of the socket 14 which surrounds the plug 16 is hollow and has a cylindrical plug 26 slidably fitted within it above the plug 16. A compression spring 28 spans the space between the fixed plug 16 and the slidable plug 26 so as to urge the plug 26 upwardly as viewed in FIG. 1A. The spring 28 is centered around a circular shoulder 30 on the upper surface of the plug 16. The needle 18 is rigidly mounted in a protuberance 32 extending upwardly from the plug 16. A seal 34 is coaxially mounted within the movable plug 26 so that the needle 18 is aligned to penetrate it.

The plug 26 has an upper, annular indentation 36 which mates with a corresponding projecting shoulder 38 in the interior of the socket 14 at the point where the socket 14 flares outwardly to receive the outer diameter of the ink cartridge 12. The annular indentation 36 and the shoulder 38 act as a stop to prevent the spring 28 from pushing the movable plug 26 out of the top of the socket neck 15.

In operation, when the ink receptacle is removed, as viewed in FIG. 1B, the plug 26 is forced upwardly by the spring 28 so that the seal 34 covers the end of the hypodermic needle 18, thereby closing it off and preventing the loss of ink from the print head connected to the outlet 24 and to prevent the entry of air into the print head.

The ink cartridge 12 has a lower neck portion 40 having a protruding annular, interrupted shoulder 42. The projecting shoulder 38 of the socket 14 is also interrupted about its circumference so that the ink cartridge 12 is inserted into the receptacle with the neck portion 40 first and is then twisted until the shoulders 42 of the ink cartridge engage with the shoulder 38 of the socket, thereby locking the ink cartridge into the socket.

The two critical functions of the ink cartridge 12 are to store ink completely isolated from the atmosphere and to deliver the ink under sufficient pressure through the ink supply system to the pulse trap chamber in the print head such that the pulse trap pressure can be maintained at its required value during printing.

As best shown in FIG. 1A, the engaging neck portion 40 of the ink cartridge also includes a septum 44 mounted in the throat of a passageway 46 leading to the interior of an elastomeric bladder 48. When the ink cartridge 12 is inserted and locked into the socket 14, the bottom surface of the neck 40 depresses the plug 26 against the action of the spring 28 thereby sliding the seal 34 downwardly on the hypodermic needle 18. Simultaneously, the pointed end of the needle 18 punctures and penetrates through the septum 44 to provide fluid communication between the hollow space 20 and the interior of the bladder 48.

By means of the movable seal 34 and the septum 44, ink is prevented from leaking out of the bladder 48 upon the removal of the ink cartridge 12 from the receptacle 14 while the simultaneous covering of the needle 18 by the seal 34 prevents the introduction of air into the system beyond the needle and the leakage of ink from the needle. The filter 22 also helps to prevent the passage of air bubbles into the system as well as other types of particle contamination. The filter may be, for example, two centimeters in diameter with a five micron pore size.

When empty, the bladder is held in tension by a tension rod 50, located within the bladder 48, which projects upwardly from the base structure 40. The bladder 48 is contained within a hollow shell 52 for ease of handling. The bladder 48 is typically made of butyl rubber, for example, because the low gas and vapor transmission properties of butyl rubber. The septum 44 can be made of silicon rubber, for example, due to the superior sealing properties of such rubber.

To load the cartridge 12 with ink, a hollow needle is first inserted through the septum and all residual air inside the bladder is evacuated. The ink to be thereafter injected into the bladder is first deaired by vacuum and heat processes and is then injected into the collapsed bladder under pressure. When the bladder has been filled to capacity with the deaired and degassed ink, any residual air is drawn off through the hollow filling needle, which is then withdrawn. The cartridge 14 then can be used as a self-pressurized air free disposable ink source for the printer. A suitable cartridge for the present embodiment could contain 50-100 cubic centimeters of ink at a pressure of approximately 0.5 atmospheres and would be sufficient to print about six million characters.

As ink is withdrawn from the cartridge 14, the internal pressure of the ink will vary as indicated by the curve 54 in FIG. 6. There is a point on the pressure curve, shown in the Figure as the "cut-off point", beyond which the container will not provide adequate flow of ink through the system to the print head. At that point, the cartridge should be removed and discarded and a new cartridge should be installed. A small amount of ink, perhaps 10% of the total volume, is not recoverable since the pressure falls below a predetermined minimum value programmed into the control system to be described in greater detail hereinafter. The magnitude of the volume of ink present in the bladder at this minimum value pressure is small due to the fact that the bladder is initially in tension due to the tension rod 50.

Referring now more particularly to FIGS. 2-4, the print head 56 of the system will be described in greater detail. The print head 56 has a ceramic base plate 58 with a ceramic cover slip 60 thereover which is bonded to it to enclose a plurality of ink ejection chambers 62, in fluid communication with separate, corresponding nozzles 66 and necks 64. While only one set of a chamber, neck and nozzle are shown in dashed line fashion, it will be understood to be typical of the remaining six sets. Unlike plate 58 which has chambers etched in it, the cover slip 60 has only two openings: a large one defining a pulse trap chamber 68 and a valve opening 70. Each of the ceramic plates 58 and 60 may conveniently be made of "Photoceram", a trade name of Corning Glass Corporation, Corning, N.Y. Overlying the cover slip 60 and bonded thereto are seven piezo-electric crystals 71-77. On the underside of the lower plate 58 is an ink supply connector receptacle 78 which fits in opening 70 (FIG. 3). A tube 80 (FIG. 8) connects the ink source 12 to the fitting 78. The end of the tube 80 which connects to the fitting 78 has a construction which is substantially identical to the structural elements 15, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, and 36, depicted in FIGS. 1A and 1B for the ink supply. That is, a needle 18' penetrates a septum 44' contained within the fitting 78 upon the connection of the tube 80. Upon removal of the tube 80 the needle is withdrawn through the septum which reseals the puncture. The open end of the needle 18' is simultaneously covered by a sliding seal similar to the seal 34 to prevent the leakage of ink from the needle or the introduction of air into the needle upon disconnection. Overlying the cover slip 60 at the openings of the pulse trap chamber 68 and the valve opening 70 is a diaphragm 84. Diaphragm 84 is preferably made of a flexible material such as Saran plastic (a trademark of Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Mich.). Diaphragm 84 forms the upper wall of the pulse trap chamber 68. Overlying the diaphragm 84 is a pressure regulator frame 86, preferably made of steel. Frame 86 is conveniently made in an outline generally corresponding to that of diaphragm 84, since both cover the chamber 68 as well as the valve opening 70. Frame 86 has an opening punched out to accommodate opening 70 on the plate 58 and another U-shaped cut to form a long tongue or beam 88. Beam 88 is formed by folding up its sides to make a channel having a long moment arm. The upward movement of beam 88 is limited by a bar 89 attached to the frame 86. The overpressure protection bar 89 is made of steel alloy and is spot-welded to the pulse trap frame. At the base of the beam 88 where it joins to the frame 86 is a strain gauge 90 which serves to measure the strain at that point. A second strain gauge 92, mounted on the frame 86 close to the gauge 90, provides a temperature compensation reference.

As will now be explained, the strain gauge 90 senses the pressure within pulse trap chamber 60. As the ink flows into the pulse trap chamber 60 under pressure, it raises the diaphragm 84 and the beam 88 lying thereover. As the beam 88 raises, it creates a strain on gauge 90 which serves to electrically indicate the pressure within pulse trap chamber 68. The signal from the gauge 92 is used as a temperature compensation reference signal to cancel out any apparent signal caused simply by changes in temperature of the gauges. As strain gauge 90 exhibits strain corresponding to a change in pressure, it generates an electrical signal which, as will be explained in greater detail hereinafter, causes the opening of a gate valve in relation to the pressure being sensed. The gate valve regulates the ink flow through the opening 70. In order for the system to function properly and to provide the best ink flow control, the gate valve which admits ink to the print head must satisfy several critical criteria. It must be light weight, fast acting, and must have absolutely zero leakage when closed. The pressure drop across the valve is very low, and the valve motion itself is extremely small. The valve arrangement shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 achieves these criteria by using a piezo-electrically activated cantilever beam whose sealing force is easily adjusted. The gate valve is comprised of a glass hemisphere plug 94 secured to a valve beam 96, the diaphragm 84 and a seal 82. Beneath the seal 82 is a valve seat 98 through which passes a valve orifice 100. The valve seat 98 is contained in the ink inlet fixture 78. This seat is preferably made of an extremely hard and corrosion resistant material such as ruby. The valve seal 82 is preferably made of a relatively soft material such as silicon rubber, and is attached to the flexible diaphragm 84 which accommodates the motion of the valve. The soft seat provides the required zero leak rate with very little force required. The seat is preferably configured with a small contact surface and no sharp corners which could possibly cut the seal.

The glass hemisphere 94 is positioned on top of the flexible diaphragm 84. The hemisphere accommodates small rotational misalignments between the valve beam 96 and the valve seat 98. A small upward force exerted on the glass hemisphere will open the valve, and a small downward force will close it. If the surfaces of the seat and seal are free of imperfections and properly aligned, the sealing and opening force can be as small as one gram. Since the valve orifice is small (about 0.02 cm), all of the valve components are small and low mass, making quick actuation easily accomplished.

The opening and closing force is provided by the cantilever beam 96 consisting of a piezo-electric crystal 104 bonded to a protruding tongue 102 of the metal base frame. The tongue 102 has a small diameter hole in it to accommodate the glass hemisphere. After the valve is assembled, the hemisphere is bonded to the beam with epoxy. The valve seat can be visually inspected by looking through the hole in the frame since the seal and diaphragm are transparent.

When a voltage is applied to the crystal 104, the curvature of the cantilever beam 96 changes and the end of the cantilever beam on which the hemisphere is mounted raises, opening the valve. When the voltage is removed, the valve returns to its normally closed position. When the plug 94 is raised from the seal 82, ink is permitted to flow out of the orifice 100 into the pulse trap chamber 68 under the diaphragm 84.

The beam 96 is preferably a stainless steel reaction plate which is mounted at each end directly to the base plate 58. The beam 96 has a curved, resilient portion 97 at its end furthest from the valve which acts like a spring hinge in relation to the base plate 58. A valve adjustment screw 101 is threaded through the beam 96 and bears against the cover slip 60 to allow the vertical position of the opposite end of the beam 96 with respect to the valve seal 82 to be adjusted. This permits the sealing force of the valve in the normally closed position to be adjusted. The distance from the adjustment screw 101 to the point of rotation of the frame is much greater than the distance from the valve seal to the point of rotation, providing a sensitive means of adjustment. The adjustment screw may conveniently have 80 threads per inch and be located about three times as far from the rotation point as the valve seal; thus each full rotation of the screw produces about 0.01 cm motion at the valve. The curved spring loop 97 at the end of the frame assures contact between the adjustment screw and the body of the print head, and prevents unwanted motion of the valve frame. The valve frame can conveniently be made of 0.012 cm thick steel, and the piezo-electric crystal can be the same thickness. If the length of the cantilever is 0.8 cm, an end deflection of 0.02 cm can be attained. Since the required motion is only 0.002 cm, the adjustment screw can be tightened so that the beam is deflected 0.018 cm in its normally closed position, providing several grams of sealing force. The entire valve beam is made more compact by structuring the cantilever `fixed` end to be on the opposite side of the rotation point from the valve orifice, as shown in FIG. 2.

The function of the valve control circuit is to regulate the pressure in the pulse trap chamber, so that ink is supplied to the pressure chambers under the drive crystals under constant pressure conditions, independent of the printing rate, temperature, ink viscosity and other system parameters. As ink is ejected from the nozzles during printing, the capillary forces in the nozzles draw ink from the pulse trap chamber 68 to replace the ejected ink. This reduction in the volume of the pulse trap chamber lowers the pressure slightly and draws the pressure sensor beam 88 downward, increasing the strain in the active strain gauge 90 which increases its resistance slightly. This pressure sensing system is extremely sensitive and accurate, being able to respond to pressure changes as small as 0.01 inch of water, or approximately 2/100,000 atmosphere. The system is protected from damage due to excessive pressures by an overpressure protection beam which limits the motion of the pressure sensor beam, corresponding to approximately ±10 centimeters of water, or about ±1/100 atmosphere. Excess pressures as high as 1 atmosphere can be applied for a short time without damaging the system.

Referring now more particularly to FIG. 5, the control system for the valve will be described. A reference voltage of approximately 5 volts is applied to the strain gauges, which are connected electrically in series as one side of a bridge circuit 106 as shown in FIG. 5. The other side of the bridge circuit is completed by a series connection of two reference resistors 108 and 110 and an intermediate adjustment potentiometer 112, which is set such that when there is no net pressure in the pulse trap and thus no deflection of the pressure sensor beam, the bridge is balanced. Any imbalance of the bridge circuit (due to pressure changes) appears as a difference signal between the moving contact of the potentiometer 112 and the common node of the strain gauges 90 and 92 which is amplified by an amplifier 114 and is filtered in a low pass filter 116 to eliminate high frequency noise.

The filtered and amplified strain gauge signal (bridge imbalance) is fed into a voltage comparator 118 and compared with an adjustable threshold voltage from a source 120. As the print head ejects droplets, the pulse trap pressure falls steadily and the gauge signal falls proportionately. When the gauge signal falls below the threshold voltage minus a hysteresis voltage from a source 122, the voltage comparator sends a signal to a valve driver 124 to open the pulse trap chamber valve by applying an appropriate voltage to the valve crystal 104.

With the valve open, ink flows from the ink cartridge 12 into the pulse trap chamber 68 faster than ink is being ejected from the nozzles 66, raising the pressure and the gauge signal. When the gauge signal exceeds the threshold voltage plus the hysteresis voltage, the voltage comparator 118 sends a signal to the valve driver 124 to close the valve. In this manner the pressure chambers 62 under the drive crystals 71-77 are always supplied with exactly the right amount of ink to replace ink that has been ejected. The threshold voltage source 120 can be set at any value, and thus the pressure in the pulse trap can be set at will, within the physical constraints of the printer. Likewise, the hysteresis voltage source 122 can be set at any value, with the lower limit being determined by the stability of the control system. Convenient values of threshold pressure and hysteresis are -5 cm H₂ O and 0.1 cm H₂ O respectively.

Since the volume flow is very small and the valve must operate quickly, the valve orifice 100 is also small (about 0.002 cm). Fluid flow through such a small opening is normally viscosity limited--that is, the fluid velocity in the valve quickly reaches a limiting value where the viscous forces will balance the driving pressure force generated by the ink container 12. The total flow rate through the valve is then proportional to the pressure in the ink container 12.

As the pressure in the ink container 12 decreases, the flow rate through the valve decreases, and the time required to refill the pulse trap 68 increases, as shown by curve 126 in FIG. 6. In the limiting case of an empty ink supply, the valve would remain open continually. If the print head were allowed to operate in this condition, the pressure in the pulse trap 68 would continue to fall until it reached a value equal to the maximum negative capillary pressure in the nozzles. At that point, the nozzles could no longer be refilled from the pulse trap chamber, and air would enter the nozzles, preventing further drops from being ejected. Such a failure is difficult to correct, and can be avoided only if the ink container is replaced before the pressure falls to such low levels.

To prevent this from occurring, the printer is supplied with an electronic circuit that prevents print head failures due to running out of ink. A maximum allowable valve pulse length is empirically determined, and this value is electronically compared to the actual valve pulse each time the valve opens. In FIG. 5, when a valve pulse is initiated by the voltage comparator 118, a one-shot multivibrator 128 is simultaneously triggered and the comparator signal is also fed to the D input of a D type flip-flop 130. The one-shot is set to a delay time equal to the maximum allowable pulse length. At the end of this delay the status of the flip-flop memory element 130 is checked by supplying its output to the CP(Clock Pulse) input which reveals if the valve is still open by going true if the valve signal is still being applied to the D input. If the valve is open, an error signal is generated to a `low ink` indicator 132. The error signal can be acted on in several different ways, but a necessary condition is that the maximum print rate be significantly reduced. For example, if the print rate, (and hence flow through the valve) is reduced to 1/3 of its normal value, the valve pulse length will drop to below the maximum allowable pulse length, and printing at this slow rate can continue for some time, allowing the operator to choose a convenient time to replace the ink cartridge. Alternatively, if the printing is immediately stopped, the information being printed must be stored until the ink cartridge is replaced.

In one preferred embodiment of the invention, typical values of the parameters described above are as follows:

    ______________________________________                                         TYPICAL INK SUPPLY SYSTEM PARAMETERS                                           ______________________________________                                         Ink Container Volume  100 cc.                                                  initial pressure      0.4 atm                                                  `cut-off` pressure    0.1 atm                                                  Valve Pulse Length    10 millisecond                                           opening time           1 millisecond                                           `cut-off` pulse length                                                                               50 millisecond                                           maximum opening       0.002 cm                                                 Pulse Trap Pressure   -5 cm H.sub.2 O                                          hysteresis pressure   0.1 cm H.sub.2 O                                         hysteresis volume     .0002 cc                                                 Ink Viscsity           6 centipoise                                            surface tension       50 dyne/cm                                               Nozzle Capillary Pressure                                                                            15 cm H.sub.2 O                                          ______________________________________                                    

The ink supply system of the invention consisting of the relatively high pressure ink source, the regulating valve, and the pressure sensor system with overpressure protection, is also uniquely suited for eliminating air bubbles that may enter the print head due to shock, vibration or other malfunction. The average duty cycle of the valve is typically quite small, even at the low pressure cut-off point. Thus, if the valve is opened fully, the total volume flow through the nozzles can be much larger than during the droplet ejection process, and is always unidirectional from the pulse trap towards the nozzles. Hence, to eliminate air bubbles, the valve is initially opened fully for a relatively long period of time (several seconds), allowing a relatively large volume of ink to flow through the print head and to flush out the bubbles. The ink flowing through the nozzles is then collected and disposed of, returning the head to its original `print-ready` condition.

An electronic pulse generator (not shown) applies pulses to the printing head through an electrical connector 134 and a flat cable 136. Upon receiving an electronic pulse from the pulse generator the printing head 56 discharges and projects a single discrete droplet of printing fluid from an orifice as is more completely described in co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 489,985, filed 19 July 1974, and assigned to the same assignee of the present application. Each electrical pulse produces a single droplet, independently of any previous signal. The print head contains several droplet ejection means, typically seven droplet injectors in a vertical column, any of which can be independently actuated. The electronic pulse generator does not operate at a resonant frequency, but rather calls for a droplet according to a predetermined pattern to be printed.

For accurate recording of the information on a recording medium, a substantially straight trajectory for the ink droplets is followed from the orifice on the printing head to the recording medium. In this manner, careful positioning of the recording medium relative to the apparatus results in impingement of droplets in a predictable pattern according to signals generated by the electronic pulse generator, which signals are determined by the information to be printed. For the best recording of information, the droplet should be of a precise and predictable shape and volume. That is, each droplet must closely follow the electronic signals from the electronic pulse generator so that equally spaced uniform signals give equally spaced uniform droplets.

The droplet is discharged from the head 56 by the sudden reduction of volume in the chamber 62. This sudden reduction in volume is accomplished by deflecting a plate (not shown) into the chamber to displace a sufficient amount of ink to form a droplet. The deflection of the plate is caused by the activation of one of the crystals 71-77 as is more fully explained in the co-pending patent application referred to above. The deflection must be sudden enough to impart sufficient kinetic energy to the fluid in the nozzle 66 to accelerate a portion of the fluid beyond the escape velocity. The escape velocity is the minimum velocity which will cause a plug of ink extending from the nozzle 66 to separate from the nozzle and form a free droplet.

This process of droplet ejection is critically dependent upon the fact that the print head is completely filled with ink and that no air bubbles are trapped in the head. Moreover, no air bubbles may be allowed to enter either through the ink inlet or through the nozzles. The ink supply system is designed to supply maximum assurance that no air is introduced into this system, as is more fully explained above.

As was described above, the print head ink connection fixture contains a fine mesh filter 99 and an elastomeric septum 44'. When the print head is installed, the ink supply needle penetrates the septum, delivering ink into the connection fixture. Should any small gas bubbles be inadvertently introduced during installation, the fine mesh filter will prevent them from entering the print head 56. A convenient pore size for the filter is 5 microns (5×10⁻⁶ meters). To further insure that no air bubbles will enter the ink supply system, the system is first purged with CO₂ to remove the air. It is next purged with sodium hydroxide to absorb the CO₂. The system is thereafter purged with ink (without the dye) which removes the sodium hydroxide.

As described above, variations in strain gauge resistances and mechanical assembly tolerances require that an electrical adjustment be made to assure that the valve opens at the correct pressure level. This adjustment is shown as a variable resistance in FIG. 5. Once the value of this resistance has been determined, a discrete resistor is selected to fix the valve pressure threshold.

The terms and expressions which have been employed here are used as terms of description and not of limitations, and there is no intention, in the use of such terms and expressions, of excluding equivalents of the features shown and described, or portions thereof, it being recognized that various modifications are possible within the scope of the invention claimed. 

What is claimed is:
 1. An improved ink jet printer of the type having an ink supply, a asynchronous, volume displacement droplet ejection print head in fluid communication with the ink supply, the print head having at least one droplet ejecting nozzle and carriage means for effective relative movement between the print head and a print receiving medium, wherein the improvement comprises a supply of pressurized degassed, liquid ink, a sealed collapsible container for said ink, the container maintaining the ink in its gas-free state during storage, interchange of containers, and utilization in the ink jet printer, a receptable for the collapsible container, the receptacle removably receiving the container, a supply line for providing fluid communication between the receptacle and the print head, means within the receptacle for providing fluid communication between the interior of the collapsible container and the ink supply line by penetrating the container seal when it is inserted into the receptacle, the print head including valving means for controlling the flow of ink from the supply line into the print head, means for sensing the pressure of the ink within the print head and wherein the valving means separates the pressure sensing means from the pressure of the ink supply within the collapsible container, and further including control means connected to the pressure sensing means to control the opening and closing of the valving means.
 2. An improved ink jet printer as recited in claim 1 wherein the valving means comprise a valve orifice through which ink flows when the valve is open, the valve orifice being connected to the ink supply line, a valve seal, the valve seal being made of a soft, elastomeric material, the valve seal when pressed against the valve orifice stopping the flow of ink therethrough, a flexible diaphragm, the valve seal being attached to the flexible diaphragm to allow motion of the valve seal, a connecting link bonded to the diaphragm, mechanical force means for applying force through the connecting link to the diaphragm, the valve orifice, valve seal, diaphragm, and connecting means all being mounted on the print head.
 3. An improved ink jet printer as recited in claim 2 wherein the means for applying force to the connecting link comprises a cantilever beam mounted at one end of the print head, and piezo-electric means for controlling the curvature and free end deflection of the cantilever beam in response to an electrical control signal applied across the piezoelectric means.
 4. An improved ink jet printer as recited in claim 3 further including means for adjusting the closing force of the cantilever beam in the absence of the control signal to the piezo-electric means, the adjusting means including a threaded screw passing through the cantilever beam and bearing against one surface of the print head.
 5. An improved ink jet printer as recited in claim 4 wherein the active length of the cantilever beam exceeds the distance between the point where it is anchored to the print head and the valve orifice.
 6. In an ink jet printer having an ink source feeding an ink chamber which opens to a nozzle directed to a recording medium, and drive means for providing asynchronous electrical signals to drive the printer responsive to predetermined patterns, the improvement comprising means responsive to said electrical signals to displace a predetermined quantity of ink from said ink chamber, asynchronously upon receipt of each signal from said drive means, independent of all previous signals, with sufficient force to project a single droplet of ink to said recording medium in a substantially straight trajectory, the ink chamber being separated from the ink source by a pulse trap chamber to absorb back flow from the ink chamber upon ejection of a droplet, said improvement further comprising a pressure sensor and a valve, wherein the pressure sensor senses the changes in pressure in the system and operates the valve to supply ink to the system upon reduction of pressure below a predetermined level which is less than the maximum capillary pressure capable of being generated at the nozzle.
 7. An ink jet assembly comprising:a housing in which is formed a plurality of ink chambers, a droplet orifice provided in said housing for each of said chambers, whereby ink is ejected from said chamber through said orifice, means provided in conjunction with each of said chambers for suddenly reducing the volume of said chamber in response to a signal, a pulse trap chamber into which each of said ink chambers is connected for receiving a supply of ink therefrom, means for supplying ink to said pulse trap chamber under pressure, and means responsive to the pressure of the ink in the pulse trap chamber for maintaining the pressure of ink therein within a predetermined range.
 8. An ink jet assembly according to claim 7 wherein said pressure maintenance means comprises:means provided as part of said pulse trap chamber for developing a signal proportional to the pressure of ink therein, a valve provided in a fluid path between said ink supply means and said pulse trap chamber responsive to said pressure measuring means signal.
 9. An ink jet assembly according to claim 8 further comprising means receiving the pressure measuring means signal for generating an appropriate control signal to said valve, whereby pressure is maintained within said pulse trap chamber within a predetermined range.
 10. An ink jet assembly according to any of claims 7, 8 or 9 wherein said predetermined pressure range is within the range of capillary pressure capable of being generated at the chamber nozzles by the ink.
 11. An ink jet assembly according to either claim 8 or claim 9 wherein said pressure measuring means comprises:a diaphragm extending across an opening through said housing into said pulse trap chamber, a beam attached outside said pulse trap chamber in a manner to pivot as said diaphragm is moved in response to changing ink pressure within said pulse chamber, and means responsive to the movement of said beam for providing a measure of the ink pressure within said pulse trap chamber.
 12. An ink jet assembly according to any of claims 7, 8 or 9 wherein each of said ink chambers is formed with a portion of its wall being flexible, and wherein said volume reducing means includes a piezoelectric element attached to the outside of said flexible wall in a manner that when said element is electrically excited said flexible wall suddenly deflects inwardly into said ink chamber to reduce its volume, thereby to eject a droplet through said orifice.
 13. An ink jet assembly comprising:a housing in which is formed a plurality of ink chambers and a droplet orifice provided in said housing for each of said chambers, whereby ink is ejected from said chamber through said orifice, means provided in conjunction with each of said chambers for suddenly reducing the volume of said chamber in response to a signal, a pulse trap chamber into which each of said ink chambers is connected for receiving a supply of ink therefrom, means for supplying ink to said pulse trap chamber under pressure, means as part of said pulse trap chamber for moving with respect to said housing in response to ink pressure changes within said pulse trap chamber, a first strain gauge held in a manner to be subjected to varying strain as said moving means is displaced with respect to said housing, a second strain gauge passively held by said housing, means including said first and second strain gauges for developing an electrical signal proportional to the position of said moving means with respect to said housing, whereby said signal is proportional to pressure of ink within said pulse trap chamber, and a valve provided in a fluid path between said ink supply means and said pulse trap chamber responsive to said electrical signal in a manner that it opens when said ink pressure falls below a first preset limit and closes when said ink pressure rises above a second preset limit.
 14. An ink jet assembly comprising:a housing in which is formed a plurality of ink chambers, a droplet orifice provided in said housing for each of said chambers, whereby ink is ejected from said chamber through said orifice, means provided in conjunction with each of said chambers for suddenly reducing the volume of said chamber in response to a signal, means for supplying ink under pressure to said chambers, and means responsive to the pressure of the ink supplied to said chambers for maintaining the pressure of ink therein within a predetermined range.
 15. An ink jet assembly according to claim 14 wherein said pressure maintenance means comprises:means for developing a signal proportional to the pressure of ink supplied to said chambers, a valve having open and closed positions provided in a fluid path between said ink supply means and said pressure measuring means, and means receiving the ink pressure proportional signal for generating a control signal to said valve, thereby to control the state of the valve in order to maintain the pressure of ink supplied to said chambers within said predetermined range.
 16. An ink jet assembly according to claim 15 wherein said predetermined ink pressure range is within the range of capillary pressure capable of being generated at the chamber nozzles by the ink. 